Peanut and
soybean require soil that is rich in humus or organic material.
Enough organic material in the soil will improve if the power
and also a source of food for micro-organism, which eventually
will release nutrients for plant growth. Peanuts can be cultivated
on land berpengairan rice, rainfed rice, rainfed upland.
A.
Preparation of Land & Fertilizing:
There are 2 ways to prepare the planting soybeans and peanuts
namely: preparation without the cultivation of land (extensive)
in the former rice paddy cultivation and preparation rendheng
with the cultivation of land (intensive). Preparation of planting
in the field of land or rainfed rice should be done 2 times.
The first chunk of land dicangkul chunks. Chunks of land left
to farm terangin-wind days 5-7, 2 and cultivation to flatten,
cultivation and provision of organic fertilizer has been treated
with such Biotama listed above reply., Menggemburkan and cleanse
the land from the rest of the root for nothing. The distance
between the processing time to time the planting of land approximately
3 weeks.
Provision of organic fertilizers from livestock waste and municipal
waste, agricultural waste is processed by using Biotama 3 (as
above) as: 3 tons / ha will increase growth and production of
soybean and peanut.
B.
Planting Technique
1. Determination of Planting Pattern
Spacing on the investment by making tugalan between 20-40 cm.
Spacing typically used are 30 x 20 cm, 25 x 25 cm, or 20 x 20
cm. Spacing should be organized, in order to grow the plants
get a uniform and easily weeded. Soybean planting distance depends
on the level of soil fertility and plant properties in question.
In the fertile soil, plant spacing is more tenuous, and contrary
to the spacing of barren land can be sealed.
2. Hole Making Plant
If large areas of land and the processing is done by piracy,
planting the seeds carried by the plow groove depth of about
5 cm. While distance is the distance between the groove with
each other can be made 50-60 cm, and for double line spacing
of 20 cm was made.
3. Cara Planting
The system's usual planting are:
a. Single plant system
In this system, all land planted with soybeans with the aim
of getting good quality soybean production and the amount. Soybeans
are planted with this system, require dry land but contains
enough water, such as former rice land planted with rice and
ground rendeng moor at the beginning of the rainy season. Another
plus is to facilitate the eradication of pests and diseases.
The weakness of this system are: the spread of soybean pests
and diseases is relatively fast, so the planting soybean with
this system requires special attention. Soybean plant spacing
as a single plant is: 20 x 20 cm 20 x 35 cm or 20 x 40 cm.
b. Mixed crop systems
With this system must meet the following requirements:
1. Age is not much different plants.
2. Plants that one does not have the properties of wild plants
beat.
3. Types of pests and diseases the same or one of the plants
resistant to pests and diseases.
4. Both crops are crops such as soy beans tunggak / peanuts,
soybeans with corn, soybean with cassava.
c. Crop intercropping system
The system used to plant this system applied to the land that
had water continuously over time, such as rice land that has
the technical irrigation. To get good quality soybean, soybean
are usually planted together.
C.
Maintenance
Peanut plants and soy-old 1 week (7 days to 10 days) Biotama
sprayed with 1 and 5 mixed Biotama water (solution Biotama **),
ratio: 1 bottle caps Biotama 1: 1 bottle caps Biotama 5, mixed
with water by 1 liter.
Spray a solution of 1 & Biotama plants Biotama 5 in the
morning before sunrise when in Indonesia before 7 am or late
afternoon when in Indonesia sometime after 4 pm (when the sun
rises or the sun had already set), when fertilizing once every
1 week regular basis until 2 weeks before harvesting. Age 7
days - 10 days sprayed 5 to 6 tanks @ 15 liters of solution
Biotama **) per Hectare area. Age 17 to 24 days after planting
sprayed from 8 to 9 tanks for each hectare of plants, Age 24
to 1 week before harvest per hectare sprayed solution Biotama
**) as much as 13 to 15 tanks per hectare of land.
Irrigation and Watering
Soybean requires moist soil conditions but not muddy. This condition
is required since the seed is planted until the charging pod.
Just before harvest, the soil should be dry. Lack of water during
the growth will cause stunted plants, can cause death even if
the drought has been through tolerance limits. Drought during
flowering and pod filling could cause crop failure.
In the irrigated rice field, giving the water in the rice fields
can be arranged. But if there is no irrigation, water supply
can only be done only by adjusting the time using the earnings
and the provision of mulch. Mulch of straw or pieces of other
plants that spread on the ground. This mulch will prevent excessive
water evaporation.
If no irrigation and no rain for more than 7 days, the soil
should be watered. The way plants waterlogged for 30-60 minutes.
Such irrigation is repeated every 7-10 days. Watering is not
done again when the pods have filled. On the hard ground (poor
drainage) led to the excess water will rot the roots. On the
ground must be made berdrainase bad drainage in every 3 to 4
meters of land extending parallel to the rows of crops. This
is mainly done during the rainy season.
Left Biotama 5 Spraying Spraying Biotama 5 recommended undertaken
together with the appropriate information Biotama 1 above will
be more efficient at the same time and to maintain the resilience
of crops to pests and diseases ..
Padi
Rice is
a grass crop berumpun. Ancient agricultural crops comes from
the two continents, Asia and the West African tropical and subtropical.
Historical evidence shows that rice cultivation in Zhejiang
(China) has started in the year 3000 BC. Fossil grain and grain
found in Hastinapur Uttar Pradesh India around 100-800 BC. Besides
China and India, some regions of origin of rice is, North Bangladesh,
Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
There are 2 types of rice that require different media, namely
dry land and rice paddy fields.
Media
Plant
Padi gogo
1. Gogo rice should be planted in fields that berhumus, crumb
structure and contain enough water and air
2. Requires soil thickness 25 cm, suitable land vary from the
berliat, fine dust, soils smooth to rough dirt and water that
is needed quite a lot. Rocky soil should not, if there should
be <50%.
3. The acidity of the soil varied from 4.0 to 8.0.
Paddy
rice
1. Rice is grown on heavy soils soil or soil that has a hard
layer of 30 cm below the soil surface.
2. Mud which requires fertile soil with a thickness of 18-22
cm.
3. Soil acidity between pH 4,0-7,0. In paddy fields, irrigation
plant will change into a neutral pH (7.0).
Seedling
Seed Requirements
• Conditions of good seed:
• Does not contain empty grain, cut hay, gravel, dirt
and pests warehouse.
• Color in the original grain and bright.
• grain shape does not change and in the original. •
Power 80% germination.
Seed
Preparation
Seed put into the bucket / buckets and Biotama soaked in a solution
of 1 (2 bottle caps) and Biotama 5 (1 bottle cap) in 1 liter
of water. Biotama solution number 1 and 5 seeds jumalah adjusted
to be soaked. 1 kg of rice seeds soaked in 2 liters Biotama
solution dst.nya.
Seed
seeding technique
Paddy rice
For one hectare of paddy field takes 25-40 kg of seeds depending
on the type of rice. Land prepared seedbed 50 days before the
seedling. Extensive nursery approximately 1 / 20 of aeral fields
will be planted. Land plowed and raked seedbed then made beds,
500-600 cm long, 120 cm wide and 20 cm high. Before seeding,
provide soil with organic fertilizer and watered with a solution
Biotama 1. Each 3-liter water bottle caps add Biotama 1.
Padi
Gogo
Direct seed planted in fields that previously had been given
organic fertilizer from waste / agricultural waste mixed with
manure and processed with Biotama3 (according to the above process).
Maintenance
Breeding / seeding
Seedbeds are watered with gradually to a height of 5 cm. Spray
Biotama 5 on day 7 with a ratio of 1 liter of water + Biotama
3 to 5 bottle caps Biotama 5 ..
Removal
of seed
Seedlings are ready to move into the fields planted 25-40 days
old, 5-7 leaf pieces, rootstock big and strong, uniform growth,
not attacked by pests and diseases.
Processing
of Land Rice Fields
• Clean the water channels and paddy fields of straw and
weeds.
• Improve the corner of dikes and rice fields hoes who
worked hard to plow.
• Plow the fields to reverse the soil and organic material
entering / organic fertilizer that has been processed with Biotama
3. The first hijacking at the beginning of the planting season
and allowed 2-3 days after the hijacking was carried out to
second, followed by the third hijacking of 3-5 days before planting.
• Flatten the rice land, and destroy the land mass harrow
way. Flat surface can be demonstrated by looking at the water
surface in rice fields is uneven.
• steep slopes lengthwise to made terrace plots bordered
by dikes to the surface evenly.
Rice
Processing Gogo Land
Timing is at the end of the dry season or early rainy season.
How to cultivation of land is as follows:
• Land cleared of trees and grass as spam repairing dikes
and drainage channels.
• Land plowed two times at a depth of 25-30 cm, the soil
is reversed.
• Organic Fertilization given at the time of the second
hijacking of as much as 5 -20 tons / ha. • To refine the
ground, raked and leveled land.
• Soil is left until the rain falls
Fertilizing
Rice Fields
Manure / 5 tons of organic fertilizer (if still using inorganic
fertilizer) - 10 tonnes / ha (if no inorganic fertilizer) is
applied to the soil two weeks before planting at the time of
rice land piracy.
In addition to producing healthy organic rice then spray solution
Biotama 1 & 5 on the plant Biotama in the morning before
sunrise when in Indonesia before 7 am or late afternoon when
in Indonesia sometime after 4 pm (when the sun rises or the
sun has not been sunset), when watering every 1 - 2 weeks once
the plants regularly to be harvested. Age 7 days - 10 days sprayed
5 to 6 tanks @ 15 liters of solution Biotama **) per Hectare
area. Age 17 to 24 days after planting sprayed from 8 to 9 tanks
for each hectare of plants, Age 24 to 1 week before harvest
per hectare sprayed solution Biotama **) as much as 13 to 15
tanks per hectare of land.
Maize
Corn crop
is one type of food crop seeds from grass family. Derived from
the U.S., spread to Asia and Africa through the business activities
of the Europeans to America. Around the 16th century the Portuguese
spread to Asia, including Indonesia. The person named mais Dutch
and English people call corn.
Corn does not require specific soil conditions. In order to
be able to grow optimally should be loose soil, fertile and
rich in humus. Soil types that can be planted with corn, among
others: andosol (derived from the volcano), latosol, grumosol,
sandy soil. In the land with heavy texture (grumosol) can still
be used to plant corn with good results with good soil processing.
As for the soil with clay texture / clay (latosol) dust is the
best for growth.
Soil
Processing
Processing of land aims to: improve the soil conditions, and
provide favorable conditions for root growth. Through the cultivation
of land, drainage and poor aeration will be improved.
1. Done by inverting the soil and breaking lumps of soil in
order to get loose soil to improve aeration. Land that will
be planted (candidates where rows of plants) dicangkul deep
as 15-20 cm, and then leveled. Hard ground requires more processing.
First land dicangkul / hijacked and then smoothed and leveled.
2. Processing begins with the clearing of land from the rest
of the remaining land formerly plant, process plant remains
become organic fertilizer according to the instructions above
using bIotama 3.
3. Organic fertilizer made by using the 3 sown before Biotama
cultivation of 3 - 5 tons / ha. Then the land cultivated, every
3 meters along the drainage channel built rows of plants. 25-30
cm wide channel with a depth of 20 cm. This channel is made
primarily on the ground that bad drainage.
Planting
Technique
Cropping patterns are important in crop production systems.
With this cropping means utilizing and integrating the various
components that are available (Agro-climate, soil, plants, pests
and disease, technical and socio-economic). Cropping patterns
in the tropics such as Indonesia, usually arranged for 1 year
with respect to rainfall (especially in the area / land is entirely
dependent of the rain. The selection of species / varieties
ditanampun need to be tailored to the situation of available
water or rainfall. Some patterns planting is usually applied
as follows:
Intercropping (intercropping), the planting of more than 1 plant
(same or different ages). Example: at the age of intercropping
corn and soybeans; intercropping different ages such as corn,
cassava, rice gogo.
Turn overlap (multiple cropping), done in quick succession throughout
the year taking into account other factors for maximum profit.
Examples: corn, dry land rice, peanut, cassava.
On planting distance 75 x 25 cm each hole planted one plant.
Can also be used spacing of 75 x 50 cm, each hole planted two
plants. These plants can not grow well when the water is less,
or when excessive water. During the rainy season or the rainy
season almost over, the seed corn can be planted. But it should
be enough water available for plant growth of maize. At the
time of planting should be in a state of moist soil and does
not stagnate. If the ground is dry, it should be watered once,
except when expected 1-2 days it will rain. When planting water
used for melkembabkan land BIOTAMA should be mixed with the
ratio 1: 3 bottle caps Biotama in 1 liter of water and multiplication.
Planting
Planted seeds that will soak solution Biotama 1 (1 bottle cap)
and Biotama 5 (1 bottle cap) in 1 liter of water. Corn seeds
soaked Biotama solution for 20 minutes. Then start planting
seeds in spacing 75 x 25 cm each hole planted one plant. Can
also be used spacing of 75 x 50 cm, each hole planted two plants.
These plants can not grow well when the water is less, or when
excessive water. During the rainy season or the rainy season
almost over, the seed corn can be planted.
Plant
Maintenance
With the spacing can be determined number of plants per hole
for all requirements. If in the 1 hole grow 3 plants, was not
desired only 2 or 1, then the plants should be reduced.
Besides the jarangkan plants should be cleaned of weeds, dibumbun
(soil around roots of the land plus approximately) so that more
solid stems, erect above ground.
Fertilizing is done by spraying a solution of 1 & Biotama
plants Biotama 5 in the morning before sunrise when in Indonesia
before 7 am or late afternoon when in Indonesia sometime after
4 pm (when the sun rises or the sun had already set), when watering
every 1 - 2 weeks once the plants regularly to be harvested.
Age 7 days - 10 days sprayed 5 to 6 tanks @ 15 liters of solution
Biotama **) per Hectare area. Age 17 to 24 days after planting
sprayed from 8 to 9 per acre tank plant, Age 2 to 3 weeks before
harvest per hectare sprayed solution Biotama **) as much as
13 to 15 tanks per hectare of land.